WATER
People need water.
We cannot live without water. A person should drink at least eight glasses of
water a day. If a person does not drink enough water, he can suffer from kidney
trouble. A big man should drink more than eight glasses a day.
In Indonesia many
children die of dehydration. This means they die because of lack of water in
their bodies. So we must make sure that our children drink enough .water,
especially when they are suffering from diarrhea.
At present, many
governments of the world are worried about the water supplies in their
countries. Fresh water is becoming more and more difficult to get. In many
cities where there are many people, the level of water in the underground wells
is getting lower and fewer.
The loss of water
from wells under the ground increases. These are very important for water
preservation.
Dams preserve or
store the water that many of our towns and cities need! Dams have many
functions. They hold back rain water that may result in floods if not checked.
They also provide water to irrigate the farms with.
People can use the
waterfalls of a dam to produce electricity. Electricity gives light and energy
to our houses and, factories. Dams can also produce lakes, and lakes can be
used for raising fish and for practicing various kinds of water sports.
Another source of
water is rivers. In Indonesia we have many rivers. Rivers are a good source of
water. However, if, people throw waste into rivers, then the water becomes very
dirty. Waste pollutes water. One of the most dangerous types of waste is chemical
waste from factories. This can be deadly and can kill fish, water plants and
other creatures which live in rivers.
1.A big man is advised to drink ... of water a day in order to stay
healthy.
(A)four glasses
(B)eight glasses
(C)exactly eight glasses
(D)not less than eight glasses
(E)not more than eight glasses
2.Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?
(A)We can use water for many purposes.
(B)People need water, so we can't live without it.
(C)Dams field back rain water to irrigate the rice fields.
(D)Dams also provide water, so water is used to irrigate the rice
fields.
(E)Another source of water is river, but it can't help irrigation.
3.How do dams become tourist resorts?
(A)They provide enough water for irrigation.
(B)They can hold back rain water that may result in floods if not
checked
(C)They can produce lakes that can be used for raising fish and for
practicing various kinds of water sports.
(D)They preserve or store the water that many of our towns and cities
need.
(E)They can avoid floods in the rainy season.
4.The children who are suffering from diarrhea ...
(A)should drink less water
(B)must drink ground water
(C)must be given enough water
(D)should be given light and energy
(E)should be given light and energy
5.Dams preserve or store water that many of our towns and cities need.The
underlined word means ...
(A)keep from danger
(B)keep from loss
(C)keep from decay
(D)keep from harm
(E)keep from dirt
HYDROPONICS
Hydroponics is the
term used to describe the several ways in which plants can be raised without
soil. These methods, also known generally as soil gardening include raising
plants in containers filled with water or any of other nonsoil mediums –
including gravel, sand vermiculite and other more exotic medium, such as
crushed rock or bricks, and shards of cinder blocks.
There are several
excellent reasons for replacing soil with a sterilize medium. Soil-borne pests
and diseases are immediately eliminated, as weeds are. And the labour involved
is reduced.
More important,
raising plants in a nonsoil medium will allow you to grow more plants in
limited amount of space. Food crops will mature more rapidly and produce
greater yields. Water and fertilizer are conserved, since they can be reused.
In addition hydroponics allows you to exert greater control over your plants,
to insure more uniform results.
All of this is
possible by the relation of a plant with its growing medium. It isn't soil that
plants need- it's the reserves of nutrients and moisture contained in the soil,
as well as the support the soil renders the plant. Any growing medium will give
adequate support.
The methods of
hydroponics gardening developed over the past forty-five years can be divided
into categories defined by the medium in which the plant are grown. In water
culture, the plants are grown only in water, or in a water and nutrient
solution. Sand culture calls for raising, plants in sterile sand, into which a
water and nutrient solution is pumped. Aggregate culture replaces the sand,
instead of using one of the materials such as gravel or vermiculite, and
retaining the method of pumping a water and nutrient solution into the
material. Finally, there are a number of experimental or unorthodox techniques.
Hydroponics units
have been used to replace the conventional benches in a green house, and
soil-borne pests and diseases are avoided.
6.Why is hydroponics known as soil less gardening?
(A)Plants can only be raised in soil
(B)Plants can be raised without soil
(C)Soil in the garden needs much water
(D)Garden is not provided by nonsoil medium
(E)Crushed rocks or bricks are hard for plants
7.What must be given regularly to the plants raised in hydroponics
units?
(A)Gravel and sand
(B)Sand and bricks
(C)Water and fertilizer
(D)Sand and vermiculite
(E)Crushed rocks and bricks
8.Food crops from hydroponics can be harvested earlier. This
information is found in paragraph ...
(A)2
(B)3
(C)4
(D)5
(E)6
9.Which of the following statements is correct according to the text?
(A)Water and fertilizer cannot be raised
(B)Soil-borne pests develop in hydroponics
(C)Raising plants in a nonsoil medium is impossible
(D)Plants are categorized according to their containers
(E)Hydroponics gardening can be operated in limited
space
10.Soil-borne pests and diseases are immediately eliminated (paragraph
2).The underlined word means ...
(A)handled
(B)removed `
(C)stopped
(D)destroyed
(E)developed
VOLCANOES
In Indonesia,
mudflows have been the major cause of destruction and loss of human life during
volcanic catastrophes and landslides. Another kind of disaster which claimed
victims, but which was not directly: caused by volcanic eruptions, happened at
the Dieng Plateau, Central Java, in February 1979: two mud eruptions and
poisonous, suffocating gases caused the death of 149 people.
Disasters in the past may have been caused "by
ground movement and tectonic earthquakes which are often inherent in volcanic
outbursts. Examples of these are the earthquakes in Bali in 1963, which took
place after the eruption of the Agung volcano; and the earthquakes in West Java
in the 1960s, caused by the Salak volcano. So far, a direct relationship
between, tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has not been observed.
Tectonic earthquakes may also be the cause of
tsunamis. This phenomenon occurred during the Krakatau catastrophe in 1883, and
caused the death of the people living in the coastal areas of South Sumatra and
the western part of West Java. Most geologists, however, accepted the theory
that this earthquakes was caused by sea waves, which in turn were the result of
the collapse of the Krakatau volcano into the sea. This explosion was one of
the most violent eruptions in historic times, and its collapse formed a caldera
on the seabed.
The menace of volcanoes in general is greater than
that of other natural disasters. If an eruption occurred in the Toba region,
for example, where flammable deposits are found in great quantity, it would
entail a catastrophe. In such cases man is powerless.
Volcanic eruptions, besides claiming thousands of
lives and causing loss of property and damage to villages, are, on the other
hand, beneficial to agriculture. The ash they produce is responsible for the
fertile soil around active volcanoes.
Volcanoes, with their craters, lakes and solfataras
are places of interest for local as .well as foreign tourists. Volcanic rock is
used in the manufacture of building materials, and volcanic heat is capable of
generating electricity.
11.When did the Agung volcano erupt?
a.1883
b.1949
c.1960
d.1963
e.1979
12.What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
a.The advantages of agriculture
b.The soil around active volcanoes
c.The advantages of volcanic eruption
d.The cause of earthquake and tsunamis
e.The relation between agriculture and volcanoes
13.The death the people at the Dieng Plateau in 1979 was caused by ...
a.landslides
b.sea waves
c.poisonous gases
d.volcanic outbursts
e.volcanic eruptions
14.Which of these statements is not true according to the text?
a.Volcanoes are dangerous but also useful
b.Volcanic outbursts can generate electricity
c.Volcanoes are also places of interest that attract tourists
d.In the twentieth century an earthquake occurred in West Java
e.In 1883 many people in the coastal areas of South Sumatra lost their
lives
15."In Indonesia, mudflows have been the major cause of
destruction", (paragraph 1').
The synonym of the word
"major" is ...
a.main
b.distinct
c.important
d.particular
e.significant
OIL
That oil has helped to shape the world is not an exaggeration. Indeed,
the discovery of oil during the last hundred years has changed a great deal of
things. An oil product called kerosene has replaced firewood in the kitchen of
our cities. Motor vehicles using gasoline or diesel oil have put animal-drawn
carriages into museums. Steamships have lost against motor vehicles. Diesel
locomotives have driven steam locomotives off the rails. Jet planes using
aviation fuel fly the skies, making remote places reachable in a matter of
hours.
That oil is indispensable to our everyday lives is not an exaggeration,
either. Yet few of us ever ask how this important liquid is extracted from the
earth and changed into finished products. In the first place, it is not an easy
matter to find an oil reserve. Exploration teams, sent by oil companies, have
to go to remote places, sometimes have to live under harsh conditions, to
explore the earth or seabed for oil. They study the rock and the soil, and if
there are promising results, the next thing for the oil company to do is to
send a drilling team to the location. Again, this is not a simple matter.
Roads, for examples, have to be built first to transport the men and materials
to the site. What is worse, the first drilling does not always bring about oil.
The drilling team often has to drill up to ten wells before oil is found.
16.Animal-drawn carriages have been replaced by ...
(A)ships
(B)vehicles
(C)planes
(D)motor vehicles
(E)motor boats and vessels
17.To find an oil reserve people have to explore ...
(A)any location
(B)rock or oil
(C)rock or water
(D)the earth or seabed
(E)remote places only
18.In line 15, the word "this" refers to ...
(A)building a road them
(B)sending a drilling team
(C)gathering the crude oil
(D)sending exploration teams
(E)sending exploration machinery
19.In line 13, the word "they" refers to ...
(A)people
(B)exploration teams
(C)finished product
(D)oil companies
(E)harsh conditions
20.The main idea of the first paragraph is that ...
(A)oil has changed a great deal of things
(B)kinds of oil for transportation
(C)the importance of transportation
(D)motor vehicles using gasoline
(E)further processing of oil
BADMINTON
Badminton is an
indoor sport that has been the greatest sport since the end of World War II. It
is a sport for two or four players. The players use long handled rackets to hit
a shuttlecock over a net. The net is stretched across a marked court. Badminton
rackets are lightweight. A shuttlecock is usually made of cock feather. The
court is about 5.2 meter wide and 13.4 meter long for singles, and 1 meter
wider for doubles.
In order to score, a player has to save, or put the
shuttlecock into play. A server can score when the opponent lets the
shuttlecock fall to the ground or by a fault. A fault occurs when the opponent,
in an attempt to return the shuttlecock safely, allows it to go into or under
net. To hit the shuttlecock out of the playing are also a fault. A badminton
player wins a game after collecting 21 points.
Badminton has been growing very rapidly. It grows
either as backyard recreation or as a competitive sport. The International
Badminton Federation was founded in 1934 with nine nation represented. Now it
has members in more than 40 nations, and a world tournament for both men and
women is held every two years.
21.Which of the sentences is correct based on the text.
(A)Badminton is an indoor game
(B)Badminton can only be played outdoors
(C)The players are all men
(D)Badminton can be played either as indoor game or outdoor game
(E)The players must be over 15 years old
22.A player hits the shuttlecock with ...
(A)a long handled racket
(B)a long lightweight handled racket
(C)a racket which is as light as a shuttlecock
(D)a handled racket which is as heavy as a bat
(E)a very lightweight racket
23.There is only one correct sentence related to the text:
(A)Instead of shuttlecocks the players may use light ball.
(B)A player can get a point if he can't return the shuttlecock
(C)Badminton is a kind of sport for more than four players.
(D)After collecting 21 points a player wins the game
(E)Both men and women players have to collect less than 21 points to
win the game
24.Which of the following sentence shows that badminton rackets are not
so heavy as tennis rackets?
(A)The players use long handled rackets
(B)Badminton rackets are lightweight
(C)A player hits a shuttlecock with a rackets
(D)Tennis rackets are bigger than badminton rackets
(E)Badminton rackets are smaller compared with tennis rackets
25.When does a fault occur?
(A)When the player returns the shuttlecock of his opponent out of the
playing
(B)After the player hits the shuttlecock with his racket
(C)While the shuttlecock passes through the net
(D)When the player falls on the ground
(E)When the player can't return the shuttlecock of his opponent
A central bank also provides loans to its customers.
But the customers are not individuals as in the case of commercial bank. The
customers of central banks are governments, other commercial banks and
financial institutions. A country will have one central bank. In England it is
the Bank of England. In our country it is the Bank of Indonesia. The central
bank often has a duty of formulating and implementing the country's monetary
and credit policies, usually in co-operation with the government.
For us individuals,
the commercial bank is more important because it directly provides us with
services. We can enjoy the services by establishing an account at the bank.
There are two kinds of account. One is the savings account and the other is the
current account. One advantage of having a current account is that we can pay
using cheques. This means that we don't have to carry large amounts of money
with us, and risk losing it.
Most banks, commercial banks, have two kinds of
current accounts. One is the minimum balance account and the other is the
special account. The former kind requires the customer to maintain in his
account a certain amount as a minimum balance. But the bank will charge the
customer a fee for each cheque he or she writes.
26.What makes a central bank and a commercial bank different?
(A)It’s services
(B)It’s interests
(C)It’s customers
(D)It’s securities
(E)It’s accounts
27.What account do you need if you want to do some shopping in a
Supermarket without carrying a large amount of money?
(A)Credit
(B)Loans
(C)Deposits
(D)Current account
(E)Saving account
28.It seems impossible for us, individuals, to borrow money from ...
(A)Commercial bank
(B)Central bank
(C)Private bank
(D)Foreign bank
(E)Financial institution
29."The Former" in the-last paragraph refers the ...
(A)Commercial bank
(B)Special account
(C)Minimum balance account
(D)Saving account of a bank
(E)Current account of a bank
30.The first paragraph tells us about..
(A)The difference between a commercial bank and a central bank
(B)Where you can pay your telephone and electricity bills
(C)The services that a central bank can give
(D)You can deposit your money safely at a bank
(E)Where customers can buy travel tickets
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